Internal and External Heads in Appositive Constructions

This article discusses a number of complex appositive constructions, and compares them to regular nonrestrictive relative clauses and appositions in some Romance, Germanic and Slavic languages. Special attention is paid to the existence of so-called additional head NPs, and additional pronouns and determiners in appositive constructions. It is argued that almost all of the constructions under discussion can be derived from the same underlying schema. Structurally, these involve a complete restrictive relative construction that is coordinated to the antecedent. The argument provides evidence for both the raising analysis of relative clauses and the coordination approach to appositive constructions.